Medieval IndiaMugal Period

The system based on the Mughal military system was based on: (decimal system)

decimal system

Other Important Facts-

The Mughal army was a mixed army of different species, in which all Iranians, Turani, Afghans, Indian Muslims and Marathas were recruited. The Mughal army was formed on the decimal system.

The Mughal army was divided into four categories-

  1. Armies of subordinate kings
  2. Military troops of Manashbars
  3. Ahadi soldiers – these soldiers were soldiers of the king in a way. Their recruitment, salaries, clothes and horses were given by all the state. These were kept under a separate wealth and bakhshi. These soldiers could have been appointed by the emperor sometime in the service of Manashbad. A Ahadi Ghussevar Rs 500 The mention of salary is given, while a simple horseman gets Rs 12. Rs 15 from Until the salary was given.
  4. Enrolled soldiers (supplementary soldiers) – These soldiers were recruited from the side of the king. But they were kept in the command or service of the Manashbars. These wages were received from the state.

The vast army of the Mughals was divided into the following parts-

  • Infantry – This was the largest arm of the Mughal army. There were two types of soldiers in the infantry-
    i.) Ahasham soldiers – there were guns, shamshirsabs and swordsmen etc. Used to use weapons such as arrows, spears, swords and skulls.

ii.)Sehbandi  soldiers – These soldiers used to be unemployed (unemployed) people. They used to help in recovering the goods.

Equestrian soldiers – this army was considered to be the life of the Mughal army. There were two types of horsemanship soldiers-

i.) Barragir-these soldiers were given all the equipment by the state.

ii.)Śilēdāra – they had to make arrangements of all the accessories (horse and weapon). They were appointed only on the occasion of war. Their wages were more than Barragir.

In addition to these two, some other horsemen used to be-

i.) Du Aspa – The house that had two horses.

ii.) Singh Aspah – The Ghanshwar, who had three horses.

iii.) Yaspa – who had only one horse.

iv.) There was a horse between the two esplanas in the middle of the lower Aspa .

In order to maintain the efficiency of the army, Akbar made the rule of contempt, according to which it was mandatory to keep two horses for each soldier.

Artillery-

The Mughal artillery was constructed in the time of Babur under the leadership of the Persian heaters Usdad ali and Mustafa Khan. Later, Ustad Kabir and Hussein gave it a successful leadership.

Babur came to India with a good artillery with him. Whose successful experiment he used to win the fort for the first time.

But Mughal artillery was systematically given in the time of Akbar. Akbar made several small-to-two explosive artillery guns which were easily moved from one place to another by placing it on the back of elephants and horses.

Mughal artillery was divided into two parts-

  • Jinsee – these were heavy guns.
  • dastee –There were light guns.

The chief officer of the Mughal artillery was called Mir-e-Atish.

The use of elephants in the Hasti army has been the specialty of India since ancient times. But in the Mughal period, Akbar organized a separate department for his management, which was called the Peelkhana.

Akbar was a hobby of elephants. It was used for both vehicle and war.

Navy Force- There was no naval organization in the Mughal period, because the Mughal empire was originally terrestrial.

1572 AD In the Gujarat victory and during the Bengal campaign, Akbar first experienced the need for a Navy army. As a result Akbar established a department. It was known as Nawada, its chief officer was Mir-e-Bahar.

After Akbar, the Mughal emperors Aurangzeb paid attention to the Navy power. Shaista Khan and Jumla made important contributions in this work. Aurangzeb had prepared a powerful –Navy army in collaboration with the prisoners of Janjira and the mopla people.

manasabadari system-

manasabadari system was the basic idea of ​​Mughal military system. Which was based on the decimal system of Mongols.

Inspiration of the manasabadari system was started by Khalifa Abbaside and received from the system adopted by changej Khan and Timur.

In the 19th year (1575 AD) of Akbar’s reign, there is a signal to be given for the first time.

Manasub was not a title or a title, but it used to inspire the status of a rich. Thus, the meaning of Manasab was the rank or category.

Akbar divided his entire masab in the sum of the calculation of Allah’s word, i.e. 1 + 30 + 30 + 5 = 66 categories, but Abul Fazl mentioned only 33 categories.

In the last years of his life, Akbar started a dvaidh tradition called Jat and savar in the manasabadari system.

Under the word caste, there was an understanding of the position of the person’s salary and position, whereas the word of the was realized in the number of intruder squads.

At the time of Akbar, the youngest man was 10 and the highest was 10,000. That was 12,000 in time.

Manasab over 5,000 was safe for the princes and the people of the dynasty. Later, Akbar gave Mirza Aziz Koka and Mansingh seven years’ worth of two thousand.

During the period of Jahangir and Shahjahan, the princes of the 8,000 and the princes were given 40,000 mansabs. The number of which reached 50,000 in the North-Mughal period.

Manasbadharas were divided into the following categories-

  • From 10 to 500 below-Manashbadar
  • 500 but less than 2500-rich
  • 2500 castes and more – Amir-e-Ummah

The highest military title – khaane-jama. After this – Khan-e-Khana.But these two posts were usually given to one person only.

In the Mughal period, he was employed in the government departments, but was not rabidly called rosydar, he was given daily wages.

Manasbadars got the salary in the form of cash and manor. But he had the right to only get revenue from the manor. It did not have administrative authority in the land.

The determination of the salary of Manasbadars was generally not less than 4 months and ten months more.

Initially, Rs. 240 for the Manasbadar Annual rider was paid. But in the time of Jahangir, this amount was reduced to Rs. 200. Had been made annually.

Manasbadar’s salary was fixed in rupees but his payment was done in the form of manor.

There was a change in the reign of Shah Jahan that the proportion of the number of specified candidates in the posts of the Manasbadar came down drastically.

The mansabs were not genetic. After the death or demise of a gentleman, it was automatically eliminated.

On the basis of the post of the savar, the Manasbadhar of 5,000 and below has been divided into three categories-

  1. First-class manpower was given the rank of rider (number of intruded soldiers) equal to the caste position. Like -5,000 jat/ 5,000 savar.
  2. The second class of the manasabdars – used to keep few or half horsemen soldiers from their caste position. Like -5000 jat / 3,000 horsemen
  3. Third-class man-made – less than half of his jat status used to be horse soldiers. Like -5,000 jats / 2000 horsemen.

Shahjahan arranged for the monthly ratios i.e. half-year and quarterly basis for reducing the interval (actual income) and deposit (fixed levy) in the last years of its regime.

Shah Jahan started the arrangement of Mahan-Jagirs (ShishmaahaJagir and boundary walls, etc.) on the basis of actual realization of the jagirs. The realization of the revenue from which the 50% of the total amount of the collection was the Shishmahi manor, and from which one-fourth (i.e. 25 percent ) Was said to be the limitless manor.

Akbar operated the practice of Tasheehah (face) in 18th (AD 1574 AD) of his rule. Although this practice was prevalent in the time of Alauddin, Balban and Sher Shah before that. But at that time only one stain was placed used to go.

Akbar gave a new form of stain and two-marks (marks) were started in his time. Akbar had opened a separate department called Dag-e-Muhali, for it was a royal stain and the other was a stain of Manashbadar.

Jahangir used to practice such practice, wherein Manasbadars were asked to keep more army, without increasing the caste status. This practice was called Duh-Aspa and sish-aspa.

In Duh-Aspa, the Manashbadars would have to keep twice as fast as their savar.

In the Sih-Aspa, the Manashbadars used to keep three times their savar posts.

In Yak-Aspa, the Manashbadar had to keep only one horse according to his savar post.

In the time of Akbar, it was the rule that the post of a savar can not be more than his jat position.

In the time of Shah Jahan, the Manasbadars who had got the place of honor at the place of their appointment, they had 1/3 horse soldiers of their savar, who had got manor in the province outside the recruitment place, 1/4 and outside India or north-west Manashbad of the border province had to hold 1/5 horse soldiers.

In the time of Aurangzeb, when a manassar was appointed on some important post (such as a faujdar or fortress) or when he went on an important mission, another medium of extra growth was removed in his savar post. Which was called Mashrut.

In the time of Aurangzeb, the number of times of Manashbadar increased so much that there was no hedge to give them. This situation was called bijagiri.

Reference : https://www.indiaolddays.com/

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